Brittany
2012-04-18 11:25:20 UTC
______which results in two_______and establishes______and results in a plant with a definite_____
-plant zygote divides asymmetrically
-daughter cells of different sizes
-axial polarity in the plant body
-root end and shoot end
-daughter cells of identical size
-plant zygote divides symmetrically
-symmetry in the plant body
2)As with all multicellular organisms, homeotic genes in plants control morphogenesis (how the tissues and organs of the plant are arranged). In maize plants, the homeotic gene KNOTTED1 (abbreviated KN1) helps maintain the indeterminate state of shoot apical meristems.
-In wild-type maize plants, KN1 is expressed at high levels in the shoot apical meristem, but is expressed at low levels in leaves.
-In some mutant maize plants, KN1 is expressed at high levels in leaves. In those plants, outgrowths or knots of adventitious shoot meristems (shoot meristems that appear in abnormal locations on the leaves) form.
Select the four statements that are true.
1)Leaves of the mutant maize plants produce more KN1 protein than leaves of wild-type maize plants.
2)In wild-type maize plants, the KN1 gene is expressed differentially in shoot apical meristem cells and leaf cells.
3)Both the wild-type and mutant maize leaves have the same morphology.
4)Expression of the KN1 gene in shoot apical meristem cells produces a protein involved in the maintenance of shoot apical meristems.
5)In wild-type maize plants, the KN1 gene is mostly expressed in shoot apical meristem cells.
6)In mutant maize leaves, the KN1 gene is mostly not expressed.
7)In wild-type maize plants, the KN1 gene is present in shoot apical meristem cells, but not in leaf cells.
3)Animals are primarily 2N (diploid), with the 1N (haploid) state restricted to gametes. In contrast, most plants have extended multicellular 1N and 2N states. This illustrates _____.
1)the principle of double fertilization
2)that zygotes are formed by fertilization
3)the life cycle known as alternation of generations
4)embryogenesis and vegetative growth
4)How do the major body axes in plants compare to the body axes in animals?
1)Both have four body axes (including time).
2)Both have two body axes.
3)Overall, the plant body has just two body axes; most animals have three.
4)Both have 3 body axes.
5)Plant and animal development share a number of features, but differ in major ways as well. Which of the following best summarizes the similarities between the two forms of development?
1)Both plants and animals develop from a process of single fertilization.
2)Both plant and animal development depend on precise control of gene expression in time and in space.
3)Both plants and animals produce gametes via meiosis followed by mitosis of haploid cells.
4)Both plants and animals produce specialized tissues through irreversible processes of determination and differentiation.
6)How does the interaction between pollen and stigma in flowering plants differ from the interaction between sperm and egg in sea urchins?
1)The sperm- egg interaction is species-specific; the pollen- stigma interaction is not.
2)Sperm and egg cells fuse, pollen and stigma cells do not.
3)The pollen- stigma interaction involves binding of cell-surface proteins; the sperm- egg interaction does not.
4)Pollen and stigma cells fuse, sperm and egg cells do not.
7) Flowers are composed of four organs, but in the ABC model of flower development biologists hypothesized that a total of only three genes (A, B, and C) are involved in specifying their identity. On what evidence was this hypothesis based?
1)Only three classes of floral homeotic mutants have been found, each caused by a defect in a single gene.
2)Genes are not involved in specifying the identities of floral organs that do not produce pollen or eggs.
3)The four floral organs develop from only three whorls in the floral meristem.
4)The A, B, and C genes trigger expression of other genes required for floral organ development.
9)In flowering plants, fertilization is called "double fertilization" because _____.
1)the two sperm cells fuse with a single maternal cell to form the endosperm
2)two eggs are fertilized
3)the two sperm cells fuse with a single egg to form the zygote
4)the two sperm cells each fuse to a different maternal cell
10)What determines which blastomeres receive an asymmetrically localized cytoplasmic determinant during cleavage?
1)changes in the size of the embryo
2)cell differentiation
3)the movement of cells
4)the number and orientation of cell divisions